PubMed Central  Total RNA was isolated from MDA-MB-231 cells treated with vehicle or fucoidan (200 μg/mL) for 48 h. The samples were then analyzed using the Affymetrix GeneChip miRNA 2.0 Array (Affymetrix, Santa Clara, CA, USA) containing 4560 probe sets for human small RNAs. Molecules. Scheme for the proposed molecular mechanism of action of fucoidan in inhibiting breast cancer progression through the regulation of the miR-29c/ADAM12 and miR-17-5p/PTEN axes.

An in vivo experiment using SD rats in South Korea tested the toxicity of oral fucoidan. From the results of apoptosis detection, fucoidan induced activation of caspase-3, -7, -8, -9, chromatin condensation and cleavage of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). All experiments were repeated in three times independently. The role of miR-29b in cancer: regulation, function, and signaling. Hugo H, Ackland ML, Blick T, Lawrence MG, Clements JA, Williams ED. Enzyme-assistant extraction is to use enzyme to dissolve the cell wall and release the cell contents. et al. However, no endocrine therapy or target therapy exists for TNBC. Correspondence to The ratio of Bcl-2 to Bax decreased, resulting in mitochondrial dysfunction. YL and ZT designed research, performed research, analyzed data, and wrote the paper. Wang SX, Zhang XS, Guan HS, Wang W. Potential anti-HPV and related cancer agents from marine resources: an overview. Breast cancer research and treatment. 2015;13(9):5920–46. Therefore, they tried to ascribe some of the biological functions of p38 MAPK and Bcl-2 to their capability to suppress fucoidan-induced apoptosis. To evaluate the dose-dependent effects of fucoidan, the MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells were treated with 100 and 200 µg/mL fucoidan, respectively, and clonogenicity was measured. 2013;11(5):1456–76. The results revealed that fucoidan affected the clonogenicity of these cells in a dose-dependent manner (Figure 2). Iorio MV, Croce CM.

In the future, more research will be conducted to explore its mechanisms and functions in the treatment of cancer. The volunteers living in Okinawa region have the habit of eating Mozuku [32]. underwent a 12-week, double-blind, controlled experiment at random on patients with osteoarthritis. These results show that the fucoidan’s anti-tumor activity is associated with its anti-angiogenic effect. Fucoidan, a heparin-like molecule with high percentages of L-fucose and sulfated ester groups and low percentages of D-xylose, D-galactose, D-mannose, and glucuronic acid, was present in the cell wall matrix of brown seaweed [33]. 1.

Cells were seeded in 6-well tissue culture dishes at 1 × 105 cells per well.
Fucoidan upregulates TLR4/CHOP-mediated caspase-3 and PARP activation to enhance cisplatin-induced cytotoxicity in human lung cancer cells. CAS  An overview on the application of ultrasound in extraction, separation and purification of plant polysaccharides. 2009;20:1913-27, 8. In the Ames tests, fucoidan at a concentration of 500 μl per plate did not show a significant effect of inducing colony reproduction. 2010;464(7290):908–12.

Fitton JH, Stringer DN, Karpiniec SS. A significant negative correlation was recently demonstrated between ADAM12 and miR-29c in breast invasive carcinomas [24]. 2015;13(6):3514–30. Therefore, we also investigated the effect of fucoidan on the invasiveness of MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells by using a transwell invasion assay. Methods Find Exp Clin Pharmacol. ADAM12 is associated with the early onset and progression of breast cancer [49]. © 2020 BioMed Central Ltd unless otherwise stated. Oncogene. Previous studies have also revealed that resveratrol and curcumin can alter miRNAs involved in breast cancer prevention and apoptosis, respectively [32].
Hsu HY, Lin TY, Hu CH, Shu DTF, Lu MK. Hsu HY, Lin TY, Hwang PA, Tseng LM, Chen RH, Tsao SM, Hsu J. Fucoidan induces changes in the epithelial to mesenchymal transition and decreases metastasis by enhancing ubiquitin-dependent TGFbeta receptor degradation in breast cancer. Hou Y, Wang J, Jin W, Zhang H, Zhang Q. Degradation of Laminaria japonica fucoidan by hydrogen peroxide and antioxidant activities of the degradation products of different molecular weights. I gratefully acknowledge my tutor Professor Tian Zibin. DeSantis C, Ma J, Bryan L, Jemal A. CAS  2009;11:213, 44. Front Nutr. All cell lines were grown at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO2 atmosphere. Cell viability was assessed using the Celltiter96 Aqueous1 solution reagent (Promega, Madison, WI, USA) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Alternative mRNA splicing generates two distinct ADAM12 prodomain variants. In this study, the protein levels of ADAM12 and TGF-βRII were dose-dependently repressed in fucoidan-treated MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 cells (Figure 6A). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/, http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/, https://doi.org/10.1186/s12935-020-01233-8. PubMed Central  Wu X, Roth JA, Zhao H, Luo S, Zheng YL, Chiang S, Spitz MR. TNBC with elevated oncomiR levels is associated with low expression levels of the tumor suppressor protein PTEN [30, 31]. Hsu et al.

Wilfred et al. Back HI, Kim SY, Park SH, Oh MR, Kim MG, Jeon JY, Chae SW, Bae JS, Kim YS, Yu JH. 2007;17(5):541–52. Yamasakimiyamoto et al. However, fucoidan has no significant effect in relieving OA symptoms compared with placebo [9]. Hsu HY, Lin TY, Wu YC, Tsao SM, Hwang PA, Shih YW.

Toxicology. This process also increased the level of ROS in cells, with the damage of the ultrastructure of the mitochondria and depolarizing the mitochondrial membrane potential. Cancer Res. The content of α-l-fucose in fucoidan is 34–44%. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. Loss of expression of the PTEN gene protein product is associated with poor outcome in breast cancer. 2018;16(8):254. 2014;5:7870-85, 38. 2003;65(2):173–9. Mulrane L, McGee SF, Gallagher WM, O'Connor DP. found that seaweed digestive enzymes were detected in Japanese people who frequently consumed seaweed, however, those enzymes were rarely found in North Americans who did not prefer seaweed [33]. study, the participants ingested 5 capsules contained 166 mg of fucoidan daily for up to 12 months. J Agric Food Chem. In another research, Alekseyenko et al.

2008;13(8):1671–95. The above results indicated that the anti-tumor and anti-angiogenic effects of fucoidan may be mediated via the JAKSTAT3 pathway [52]. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. 2012;18(18):2225–30. //-->

Farzaneh et al. Food Chem. This study identified, for the first time, fucoidan as a novel agent that can alter miRNAs regulating the EMT and metastasis in breast cancer cells. Koyanagi et al. Cancer Cell Int 20, 154 (2020). Mar Drugs. Cancer Causes Control. Mar Drugs. For example, the PI3K-AKT-mTOR signaling pathway has attracted much attention due to its involvement in the regulation of various cellular functions including messenger RNA(mRNA) translation, cell cycle regulation, gene transcription, apoptosis, autophagy and metabolism [7]. Moreover, the expression levels of miR-17-5p, miR-18a, and miR-92a were 9.1-, 7.9- and 6.9-fold higher, respectively, in fucoidan-treated MDA-MB-231 cells than in the control (Table 1). These cells were also free of mycoplasma contamination. However, due to the lack of relevant research, it is not yet possible to accurately assess the adverse effects of fucoidan. However, the molecular weight and structure of fucoidan obtained by different extraction methods are different, and they will have certain effects on their biological activities [47, 48]. Cho Y, Yoon JH, Yoo JJ, Lee M, Lee DH, Cho EJ, Lee JH, Yu SJ, Kim YJ, Kim CY. et al. The miR-17/92 cluster: a comprehensive update on its genomics, genetics, functions and increasingly important and numerous roles in health and disease. 2013;11(7):2347–64. Fucoidan and cancer: a multifunctional molecule with anti-tumor potential. Annals of oncology: official journal of the European Society for Medical Oncology / ESMO. demonstrated the potential toxic effects of fucoidan in vitro and in vivo. People generally use water, dilute acid or alkali to extract fucoidan from seaweeds, but these methods usually take a long time and large amounts of reagents [13]. 2002;50(2–3):189–200. Previous studies found that the anti-cancer mechanism of fucoidan mainly includes the following four aspects. The fucoidans from brown algae of Far-Eastern seas: anti-tumor activity and structure-function relationship. thismailbody3 = thismailbody3+"2e;";

The significant up-regulation of P21, WAF1 and CIP1 resulted in cell cycle arrest. 2013;20:1603-14, 42.

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