These tribes were remarkable potters and goldsmiths, as witnessed through numerous archaeological treasures from this period. Currently, indigenous political participation, both in national and local elections, remains low, because of various reasons: the fragmentation of the movement due to the several groups within the Colombian indigenous communities; the loss of the vote from non-indigenous leaders and the low number of voters due to the fact that they comprise a small part of the national population and most of them live in the countryside without possibilities to vote. Against a backdrop of great ethnic diversity, minority groups in Colombia experience some degree of economic and social marginalization. The Romani people in Colombia chiefly speak the Romany language and engage in craft, music and dances, elements which characterize the Romani culture. [5], The government generally had not attempted to legislate in the past in matters affecting the forest Amerindians. The region has been inhabited for at least 10,000 years, and local indigenous cultures have developed ways of living in harmony with the rainforest. The indigenous people represent 2-3% of the population of the Colombian region and its levels of income as well as the indicators of human development as education and health conditions are laying behind compared to those of the rest of the Colombians.

Relics of Colombia’s rich indigenous groups can be found in the collections of Colombia’s various Gold Museums. On a trip to Ciudad Perdida, the “Lost City,” in the Sierra Nevada, you will see ancient architectural relics of the Taironas’ developed society. [5] The two most advanced cultures of Amerindian peoples at the time were the Muisca and Taironas, who belonged to the Chibcha group and were skilled in farming, mining, and metalcraft.

Most of these indigenous groups live in isolated areas, mainly in the southern highlands, the arid Guajira Peninsula, the Amazon, and the forests found north and west of Cordilleras. With the politics of struggle against poverty the presence of the state was tried to be consolidated in zones which were considered 'marginal', especially those areas including indigenous population. The Muiscas, who spoke Chibcha, lived mainly in the present departments of Cundinamarca and Boyacá, and were well known for their political organizing. [5], The struggle of the indigenous people on these lands to protect their holdings from neighboring landlords and to preserve their traditions continued into the late 20th century, when the 1991 constitution incorporated many of the Amerindian demands. The majority of Colombians identify as being of either European or of mixed European and American Indian ancestry. In the Guajira Peninsula in northern Colombia, on the border with Venezuela, are the Wayuu people–the “people of the sun, sand and wind.” The Wayuu speak Wayuunaiki and are among the biggest indigenous groups in Colombia. With some 87 ethnic groups and 65 different languages, Colombia is the second most ethnically diverse country in the Americas, after Brazil. "Indigenous Peoples". Anthropologist Tom Dillehay dates the earliest hunter-gatherer cultures on the continent at almost 10,000 BC, during the late Pleistocene and early Holocene periods. The Mulatto population was a result of the interactions between the black and white communities. This conception has survived since the colonization of the continent until now: generally, the indigenous and also the black diversity is still seen as a negative element which has to be reduced or completely wiped out to guarantee the development and the modernization of Latin American societies. [5] Division of the resguardos stopped in 1958, and a new program of community development began to try to bring the Amerindians more fully into the national society. Within an Indigenous Territory Entity (ETI) the people have autonomy in managing their interests, and within the limits of the constitution have the right to manage resources and define taxes required to perform their duties. One of the most significant aspects of the Wayuu is the art of weaving colorful Wayuu Mochila bags. [5] Article 171 provides special Senate representation for Amerindians and other ethnic groups, while Article 176 provides special representation in the Chamber of Representatives: two seats "for the black communities, one for Indian communities, one for political minorities, and one for Colombians residing abroad". Until today the Colombian government has recognized the indigenous groups only as communities, meaning that they are considered to be culturally diverse and therefore require a different political treatment to be able to integrate them in national society. Isolated, “uncontacted” groups living deep in the Amazon forest, such as the Yuri and Passé, completely resist the ways of the modern world. [5] The Muisca civilization was well organized into distinct provinces governed by communal land laws and powerful caciques, who reported to one of the two supreme leaders. ETIs are to be defined by the government in conformance with the Organic Law on Land Management. In modern Colombia, the ethnic group is found scattered throughout the country and mostly speak the Spanish language. [5] Colombia today may have as many as 710 resguardos in 27 of the 32 departments. However, this law has yet to be sanctioned so in practice the territories are unregulated.[8]. Poverty is another central aspect in order to understand the contemporary situation of the indigenes of Colombia, which has been measured making use of the Unsatisfied Basic Needs (UBN), considering people poor who have insufficiencies in living, services and education. [5], The complexity of the indigenous peoples' social organization and technology varied tremendously, from stratified agricultural chiefdoms to tropical farm villages and nomadic hunting and food-gathering groups. Therefore, the United Nations proclaimed the disclosure of the International Decade of the World's Indigenous People and in Latin America on 10 December 1994 and in Latin America. [5] For example, it allowed for creation of a special commission to design a law recognizing the black communities occupying unsettled lands in the riverine areas of the Pacific Coast. Although they comprise only 3.5% of the population, they represent about 1.5 million people distributed in about 87 different tribes. Other ethnic groups account for a collective 1.9% share of Colombia’s population. The Amazon region of Colombia, though sparsely populated, is home to over 70 different indigenous ethnic groups. Highland peoples refer to the cultures of the Andes and the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta of Colombia, while lowland peoples refer to the inhabitants of Chocó, Amazonia, Guajira and the Caribbean Coast, the Urabá Region and other non-mountain cultures. African slaves were brought to Colombia by the Spanish to work in the colonial era mines and plantations. According to the International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs, Colombia’s indigenous population stands at around 1.45 million, or about 3.5% of the total population. American Indians, or indigenous peoples of Colombia, are the ethnic groups who have been in Colombia prior to the Europeans in the early 16th century. [5] According to his evidence based on rock shelters, Colombia's first human inhabitants were probably concentrated along the Caribbean coast and on the Andean highland slopes. The Wayuu are the largest of these native ethnic groups. [5] The general regional distribution of these resguardos was as follows: Amazonia, 88; llanos, 106; Caribbean lowlands, 31; Andean highlands, 104; and Pacific lowlands, 258.
They’re known for their masterful gold work and architecture, which brought tourists and other groups to the region. Pre-Columbian civilizations, the aboriginal American Indian cultures that evolved in Mesoamerica (part of Mexico and Central America) and the Andean region (western South America) prior to Spanish exploration and conquest in the 16th century. Other indigenous groups, such as the Quimbayas, the Muiscas and the Kalima, also known as Caribs, once numbered some 2 million, but have largely disappeared. I have read and accepted the terms and conditions. Approximately one-third of the country’s land is owned by ethnic groups.

Known as pueblos indígenas in Spanish, they comprise 4.4% of the country's population and belong to 87 different tribes.. These native groups are credited with the pottery and gold work artifacts displayed in various museums in the country. In Colombia’s vast Amazon region, some 55,000 ethnic groups exist on millions of hectares of preserved lands. There are 102 of these indigenous groups in modern day Colombia. Because they never encountered Spanish settlers, Wayuu culture remains largely intact. This culture used alloys with a high gold content. [1] The Indigenous Affairs division of the Ministry of Interior has 567 reserves on record, covering approximately 365,004 km² which are home to 800,272 persons in 67,503 families. The indigenous people were not seen as a part of the diversity of the nation which participation was needed for the construction of it. [5] As land pressures increased, however, encroachment of white or mestizo settlers onto resguardo lands accelerated, often without opposition from the government. Today, descendent groups of the Taironas include the Arhuaco, Wiwa, Kogi and Kankuamo, numbering some 30,000. [5] Dillehay has noted that Tibitó, located just north of Bogotá, is one of the oldest known and most widely accepted sites of early human occupation in Colombia, dating from about 9,790 BC. By Benjamin Elisha Sawe on July 18 2019 in Society. Bushnell, David and Rex A. Hudson. Learn some interesting facts about 6 of Colombia’s indigenous tribes, and find out what makes their cultures so special. [5] At the end of the colonial period, the native population still constituted about half of the total population. Most of these indigenous communities speak their native languages and practice different cultures. [5] In the agricultural chiefdoms of the highlands, the Spaniards successfully imposed institutions designed to ensure their control of the Amerindians and thereby the use of their labor. A lowland Zenú cast-gold bird ornament that served as a staff head, dated 490 CE.


[4], Some theories claim the earliest human habitation of South America to be as early as 43,000 BC, although present archaeological understanding places this around 15,000 BC at the earliest.

San Agustín Archaeological Park (UNESCO World Heritage Site), contains the largest collection of religious monuments and megalithic sculptures in Latin America[3] and is considered the world's largest necropolis. The National Indigenous Organization of Colombia (Organización Nacional Indígena de Colombia, ONIC) is an organization representing the nation’s ethnic groups, founded in 1982 at the country’s first National Indigenous Congress. [5] Article 356 guarantees Amerindian territorial and cultural rights, and several laws and decrees have been enacted protecting them.

The Palenquero ethnic group is made up of people of African ancestry who speak the Creole language of Palenquero. This old Muisca tradition became the origin of the El Dorado legend. The Mestizo primarily inhabited the Andean highlands, where they were involved in agriculture, but began moving into the urban areas from the 1940s onward. According to the International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs, Colombia’s indigenous population stands at around 1.45 million, or about 3.5% of the total population.Approximately one-third of the country’s land is owned by ethnic groups..

Approximately 50% of the indigenous peoples of Colombia live in the La Guajira, Cauca, and Nariño Departments. [5], Individual indigenous groups have a variety of governance structures. The Romani people trace their ancestry to Northern India, from where they fled persecution and racial discrimination. [5] Article 356 refers somewhat vaguely to both "indigenous territorial entities" and indigenous resguardos.

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